An expert overview of post-training techniques for language models, covering the entire workflow from data generation and curation to advanced algorithms like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and Reinforcement Learning (RL), along with practical advice on evaluation and iteration.
This talk introduces Anaximander, a system designed to bridge the gap between traditional, GUI-driven Geographic Information System (GIS) workflows and modern, code-heavy machine learning practices. Anaximander integrates geospatial foundation models directly into QGIS, allowing experts to interactively orchestrate, run, and evaluate models for tasks like semantic segmentation and object detection on satellite imagery.
At Applied Compute, efficient Reinforcement Learning is critical for delivering business value. This talk explores the transition from inefficient synchronous RL to a high-throughput asynchronous 'Pipeline RL' system. The core challenge is managing 'staleness'—a side effect of in-flight weight updates that can destabilize training. The speakers detail their first-principles systems model, based on the Roofline model, used to simulate and find the optimal allocation of GPU resources between sampling and training, balancing throughput with algorithmic stability and achieving significant speedups.
Thomas Wolf, co-founder of Hugging Face, discusses his journey from physics to AI, the power of open-source models to accelerate innovation, the practical challenges of productionalizing AI demos, and why the biggest opportunities for founders now lie in the application layer on top of powerful foundation models.
The panel discusses Anthropic's Claude Cowork and the challenge of user trust in AI agents for everyday tasks. They then analyze the Apple-Google partnership to integrate Gemini into Siri, debating its implications for edge AI, privacy, and hardware limitations. Finally, they explore Linus Torvalds' use of AI for "vibe coding," considering its impact on hobbyist programming and entrepreneurship versus the current limitations in producing production-ready software.
Jure Leskovec introduces Relational Foundation Models (RFMs), a new class of models based on graph neural networks that learn directly from raw, multi-table enterprise data. This approach bypasses manual feature engineering, leading to more accurate, faster-to-deploy, and easier-to-maintain predictive models for tasks like churn prediction, fraud detection, and recommendation systems.
Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, shares his unconventional journey and leadership philosophy. He provides a masterclass in building a multi-platform company through strategic M&A, explains why founders should sometimes ignore customers, and reveals how to lead with conviction while managing imposter syndrome.
Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, shares the product frameworks and leadership principles that guided his success. He delves into concepts like "utility curves" for feature investment, the "owner's delusion" in product design, and why focusing on "comprehension" is often more important than reducing friction. He also introduces powerful mental models for organizational effectiveness, such as combating "hyper-realistic work-like activities" and applying Parkinson's Law to team growth.
Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi discusses the operational playbook for reinventing a 40-year-old company, from its slow transition to SaaS to its early adoption of AI. He shares insights on winning the SMB market by treating small businesses like consumers, building effective channel partnerships, and developing a platform strategy. Goodarzi also details his leadership philosophy, emphasizing that grit and curiosity are more critical than raw talent.
Jake Heller, founder of Casetext, shares a pragmatic framework for turning powerful large language models like GPT-4 into reliable, professional-grade products. He details a rigorous, evaluation-driven approach to prompt and context engineering, emphasizing iterative testing, the critical role of high-quality context, and advanced techniques like reinforcement fine-tuning and strategic model selection.
Gal Peretz introduces CodeAct, a paradigm where LLMs generate and execute Python code for tool interaction, offering a more flexible and powerful alternative to traditional JSON-based function calling for building complex, production-ready AI agents.
Moving an AI agent from a promising demo to a reliable product is challenging. This talk presents a startup-friendly, iterative process for building robust evaluation frameworks, emphasizing that you must iterate on the evaluations themselves—the metrics and the data—not just the prompts and models. It outlines a practical "crawl, walk, run" approach, starting with simple heuristics and scaling to an advanced system with automated checks and human-in-the-loop validation.
This talk explores practical, low-disruption strategies for integrating AI capabilities into traditional and legacy enterprise systems without requiring a complete overhaul. It covers common challenges, effective integration patterns like API-based and hybrid approaches, and highlights readily available tools to help teams start small and deliver immediate business value.
Experts from a16z, Box, and Microsoft debate the definition and future of AI agents. They explore the shift from monolithic AGI to specialized agent networks, the technical challenges of autonomous systems, and how this new platform will reshape enterprise software, workflows, and the very nature of work.
Martin Keen explores how agentic AI can significantly reduce IT downtime and Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) by moving beyond naive data dumps and embracing context-aware analysis. The key lies in using topology-aware correlation to curate relevant data for an AI agent, which can then systematically identify the root cause, provide explainable insights, and generate actionable remediation steps, ultimately augmenting human SREs rather than replacing them.
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