An expert overview of post-training techniques for language models, covering the entire workflow from data generation and curation to advanced algorithms like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and Reinforcement Learning (RL), along with practical advice on evaluation and iteration.
This talk introduces Anaximander, a system designed to bridge the gap between traditional, GUI-driven Geographic Information System (GIS) workflows and modern, code-heavy machine learning practices. Anaximander integrates geospatial foundation models directly into QGIS, allowing experts to interactively orchestrate, run, and evaluate models for tasks like semantic segmentation and object detection on satellite imagery.
At Applied Compute, efficient Reinforcement Learning is critical for delivering business value. This talk explores the transition from inefficient synchronous RL to a high-throughput asynchronous 'Pipeline RL' system. The core challenge is managing 'staleness'—a side effect of in-flight weight updates that can destabilize training. The speakers detail their first-principles systems model, based on the Roofline model, used to simulate and find the optimal allocation of GPU resources between sampling and training, balancing throughput with algorithmic stability and achieving significant speedups.
An exploration of scientific simplification, questioning the metaphors we use to understand the brain and intelligence. This summary delves into the tension between creating useful models and mistaking them for reality, featuring insights on the mind-as-software debate, the limits of prediction versus understanding, and the philosophical underpinnings of our quest for AGI.
Thomas Wolf, co-founder of Hugging Face, discusses his journey from physics to AI, the power of open-source models to accelerate innovation, the practical challenges of productionalizing AI demos, and why the biggest opportunities for founders now lie in the application layer on top of powerful foundation models.
Daren Fields, Co-Founder & CEO of Virtual Select, discusses the future of manufacturing, emphasizing the role of AI as a tool for human augmentation, not replacement. He explores how to modernize manufacturing by combining a carbon-based workforce with silicon-based systems to prevent defects, reduce costs, and de-risk execution.
Jeff Crume and Patrick Fussell from IBM's X-Force team share a real-world ethical hacking war story, demonstrating an attack from an 'assume breach' perspective. They break down how vulnerabilities in Identity and Access Management (IAM) and legacy systems can lead to a full compromise, starting from an insider threat and escalating to domain administrator privileges through advanced C2 attacks and lateral movement.
Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, shares his unconventional journey and leadership philosophy. He provides a masterclass in building a multi-platform company through strategic M&A, explains why founders should sometimes ignore customers, and reveals how to lead with conviction while managing imposter syndrome.
Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, shares the product frameworks and leadership principles that guided his success. He delves into concepts like "utility curves" for feature investment, the "owner's delusion" in product design, and why focusing on "comprehension" is often more important than reducing friction. He also introduces powerful mental models for organizational effectiveness, such as combating "hyper-realistic work-like activities" and applying Parkinson's Law to team growth.
OpenAI's Head of Education, Leah Belsky, and students Yabsera and Alaap discuss how AI, particularly ChatGPT and its new Study Mode, is transforming education. They cover global adoption, the shift from policing AI to integrating it, its role as a personal tutor for building confidence and skills, and the evolving nature of learning, work, and critical thinking in the age of AI.
Fouad Matin from OpenAI's Agent Robustness and Control team discusses the critical safety and security challenges of code-executing AI agents. He explores the shift from models that *can* execute code to defining what they *should* be allowed to do, presenting practical safeguards like sandboxing, network control, and human review, drawing from OpenAI's experience building Code Interpreter and the open-source Code Interpreter CLI.
Exploring the collision of AI and the attention economy, this discussion unpacks the rise of AI-generated 'slop', the retreat to private group chats, and the shifting economics of media in an age where algorithms optimize for clicks over genuine human interest.
A breakdown of key findings from the IBM 2025 Cost of a Data Breach Report, focusing on the financial impact of breaches, the dual role of AI in attacks and defense, primary threat vectors, and actionable recommendations for improving security posture.
Members of the OpenAI team, Alex Wei, Sheryl Hsu, and Noam Brown, discuss their model's historic gold-medal performance at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). They detail their unique approach using general-purpose reinforcement learning for hard-to-verify tasks, the model's surprising self-awareness, and the vast gap that remains between solving competition problems and achieving true mathematical research breakthroughs.
Paul van der Boor and Sean Kenny from Prosus detail the journey of Toqan, an internal AI platform that evolved from a Slack experiment into a sophisticated agentic system. They share insights on driving enterprise adoption, key metrics for measuring productivity, and their future vision of an "AI Workforce" where employees architect AI agents to automate complex, cross-system tasks.
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