An expert overview of post-training techniques for language models, covering the entire workflow from data generation and curation to advanced algorithms like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and Reinforcement Learning (RL), along with practical advice on evaluation and iteration.
This talk introduces Anaximander, a system designed to bridge the gap between traditional, GUI-driven Geographic Information System (GIS) workflows and modern, code-heavy machine learning practices. Anaximander integrates geospatial foundation models directly into QGIS, allowing experts to interactively orchestrate, run, and evaluate models for tasks like semantic segmentation and object detection on satellite imagery.
At Applied Compute, efficient Reinforcement Learning is critical for delivering business value. This talk explores the transition from inefficient synchronous RL to a high-throughput asynchronous 'Pipeline RL' system. The core challenge is managing 'staleness'—a side effect of in-flight weight updates that can destabilize training. The speakers detail their first-principles systems model, based on the Roofline model, used to simulate and find the optimal allocation of GPU resources between sampling and training, balancing throughput with algorithmic stability and achieving significant speedups.
Thomas Wolf, co-founder of Hugging Face, discusses his journey from physics to AI, the power of open-source models to accelerate innovation, the practical challenges of productionalizing AI demos, and why the biggest opportunities for founders now lie in the application layer on top of powerful foundation models.
Daren Fields, Co-Founder & CEO of Virtual Select, discusses the future of manufacturing, emphasizing the role of AI as a tool for human augmentation, not replacement. He explores how to modernize manufacturing by combining a carbon-based workforce with silicon-based systems to prevent defects, reduce costs, and de-risk execution.
The panel discusses Anthropic's Claude Cowork and the challenge of user trust in AI agents for everyday tasks. They then analyze the Apple-Google partnership to integrate Gemini into Siri, debating its implications for edge AI, privacy, and hardware limitations. Finally, they explore Linus Torvalds' use of AI for "vibe coding," considering its impact on hobbyist programming and entrepreneurship versus the current limitations in producing production-ready software.
Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, shares his unconventional journey and leadership philosophy. He provides a masterclass in building a multi-platform company through strategic M&A, explains why founders should sometimes ignore customers, and reveals how to lead with conviction while managing imposter syndrome.
Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, shares the product frameworks and leadership principles that guided his success. He delves into concepts like "utility curves" for feature investment, the "owner's delusion" in product design, and why focusing on "comprehension" is often more important than reducing friction. He also introduces powerful mental models for organizational effectiveness, such as combating "hyper-realistic work-like activities" and applying Parkinson's Law to team growth.
Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi discusses the operational playbook for reinventing a 40-year-old company, from its slow transition to SaaS to its early adoption of AI. He shares insights on winning the SMB market by treating small businesses like consumers, building effective channel partnerships, and developing a platform strategy. Goodarzi also details his leadership philosophy, emphasizing that grit and curiosity are more critical than raw talent.
A product manager from Cisco's incubation group, Outshift, details a solution that uses a multi-agent AI system combined with a dynamic network knowledge graph to solve critical issues in IT change management. The system integrates with ITSM tools like ServiceNow to automate impact assessment, test plan generation, and pre-production validation in a "digital twin" environment, significantly reducing production failures.
A deep dive into building expert AI systems using a Wisdom-Driven Knowledge Graph. This approach enhances Knowledge-Augmented Generation (KAG) to surpass traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) by enabling systems to understand, reason, and provide expert-level quantitative analysis and advice.
Google DeepMind’s Chief Scientist Jeff Dean discusses the origins of his work on scaling neural networks, the founding of the Google Brain team, the technical breakthroughs that enabled training massive models, the development of TensorFlow and TPUs, and his perspective on the evolution and future of artificial intelligence.
Professor Hannah Fry speaks with Jack Parker-Holder and Shlomi Fruchter about Genie 3, a general-purpose world model that generates diverse, interactive environments from prompts. The discussion covers its auto-regressive nature, which enables the creation of consistent, explorable worlds, its key differences from video models like Veo, and its foundational role in training AI agents and advancing toward AGI.
Eoghan McCabe, founder and CEO of Intercom, shares the unfiltered story of transforming a multi-billion dollar, stagnating SaaS business into a rapidly growing, AI-first company. He details the necessity of 'founder mode,' a radical cultural overhaul, and why having nothing to lose is the ultimate advantage in the AI era.
Andrew Ng discusses the rise of agentic AI, moving beyond scale as the sole driver of progress. He explores how AI-assisted coding is creating a new startup paradigm, shifting the bottleneck from engineering to product management and favoring technical founders. Ng argues for smaller, highly-skilled teams and predicts AI will profoundly empower individuals across all job functions.
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