An expert overview of post-training techniques for language models, covering the entire workflow from data generation and curation to advanced algorithms like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and Reinforcement Learning (RL), along with practical advice on evaluation and iteration.
This talk introduces Anaximander, a system designed to bridge the gap between traditional, GUI-driven Geographic Information System (GIS) workflows and modern, code-heavy machine learning practices. Anaximander integrates geospatial foundation models directly into QGIS, allowing experts to interactively orchestrate, run, and evaluate models for tasks like semantic segmentation and object detection on satellite imagery.
At Applied Compute, efficient Reinforcement Learning is critical for delivering business value. This talk explores the transition from inefficient synchronous RL to a high-throughput asynchronous 'Pipeline RL' system. The core challenge is managing 'staleness'—a side effect of in-flight weight updates that can destabilize training. The speakers detail their first-principles systems model, based on the Roofline model, used to simulate and find the optimal allocation of GPU resources between sampling and training, balancing throughput with algorithmic stability and achieving significant speedups.
a16z co-founders Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz discuss the shift to a decentralized media ecosystem, their investment thesis on supply-driven markets, and the transformative impact of AI. They detail the a16z model of leveraging reputation as a core asset to turn inventors into CEOs and explain why AI represents a fundamental reinvention of computing that will unlock unprecedented growth.
Ben Luria, CEO of Hirundo, discusses the critical need for machine unlearning, framing it as a form of "AI neuro-surgery" for enterprise AI. He explains how this technique directly modifies model weights to remove unwanted data and behaviors, addressing core risks that superficial solutions like guardrails cannot solve.
State Space Models (SSMs) are emerging as a powerful and efficient alternative to Transformers for handling sequential data. Aaron Baughman explains the core concepts of SSMs, their mathematical foundations, and how architectures like S4 and Mamba address the memory and scalability challenges inherent in Transformers, leading to a new generation of faster, more intelligent hybrid AI models.
Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, shares his unconventional journey and leadership philosophy. He provides a masterclass in building a multi-platform company through strategic M&A, explains why founders should sometimes ignore customers, and reveals how to lead with conviction while managing imposter syndrome.
Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, shares the product frameworks and leadership principles that guided his success. He delves into concepts like "utility curves" for feature investment, the "owner's delusion" in product design, and why focusing on "comprehension" is often more important than reducing friction. He also introduces powerful mental models for organizational effectiveness, such as combating "hyper-realistic work-like activities" and applying Parkinson's Law to team growth.
Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi discusses the operational playbook for reinventing a 40-year-old company, from its slow transition to SaaS to its early adoption of AI. He shares insights on winning the SMB market by treating small businesses like consumers, building effective channel partnerships, and developing a platform strategy. Goodarzi also details his leadership philosophy, emphasizing that grit and curiosity are more critical than raw talent.
Bob McGrew, an early executive at Palantir and former Chief Research Officer at OpenAI, explains the Forward Deployed Engineer (FDE) model he helped pioneer. He details its origins, operational structure, and why it has become the dominant strategy for AI agent startups navigating a new market with immense product discovery needs.
Matt Perault and Colin McCune from a16z discuss the "Little Tech Agenda," advocating for AI policies that support startups. They argue for regulating the harmful use of AI, not its development, to foster competition and innovation while ensuring the U.S. maintains its global leadership against rivals like China.
A deep dive into how AI is transforming the product manager's role, featuring insights from product leaders Ezinne and Oji Udezue. They discuss essential new skills, the "shipyard" framework for development, why hands-on learning is critical, and the difference between companies succeeding and failing with AI adoption.
Experts Martin Keen and Jeff Crume differentiate between Generative and Agentic AI, delve into the nature of AI hallucinations, and explore critical cybersecurity topics like the permanence of the dark web and the dangers of zero-click attacks.
Ben Lorica and Evangelos Simoudis explore the nuanced landscape of AI regulation, contrasting foundation model oversight with domain-specific rules and highlighting the critical issue of IP rights in training data. They also analyze China's engineering-led AI strategy and the challenges of enterprise AI adoption.
Nishikant Dhanuka from Prosus Group shares practical lessons on building effective AI agents for e-commerce and productivity. He covers why context engineering is more crucial than prompt tweaking, how to build a modern search pipeline, the failures of pure-chat interfaces, and why a robust evaluation framework is the real competitive advantage.
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