An expert overview of post-training techniques for language models, covering the entire workflow from data generation and curation to advanced algorithms like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and Reinforcement Learning (RL), along with practical advice on evaluation and iteration.
This talk introduces Anaximander, a system designed to bridge the gap between traditional, GUI-driven Geographic Information System (GIS) workflows and modern, code-heavy machine learning practices. Anaximander integrates geospatial foundation models directly into QGIS, allowing experts to interactively orchestrate, run, and evaluate models for tasks like semantic segmentation and object detection on satellite imagery.
At Applied Compute, efficient Reinforcement Learning is critical for delivering business value. This talk explores the transition from inefficient synchronous RL to a high-throughput asynchronous 'Pipeline RL' system. The core challenge is managing 'staleness'—a side effect of in-flight weight updates that can destabilize training. The speakers detail their first-principles systems model, based on the Roofline model, used to simulate and find the optimal allocation of GPU resources between sampling and training, balancing throughput with algorithmic stability and achieving significant speedups.
A deep dive into the security vulnerabilities of Multi-Context Protocol (MCP) for AI agents. The talk explores how identity loss, "all-or-nothing" permissions, and disappearing audit trails create significant attack surfaces, and presents solutions like identity chain tracking, context-aware permissions, and intelligent auditing to secure agent-to-tool communication.
A detailed overview of a modular, five-agent system designed to combat the entire lifecycle of digital misinformation. Based on an ICWSM research paper, this practitioner's guide details the roles of the Classifier, Indexer, Extractor, Corrector, and Verifier agents. The system emphasizes scalability, explainability, and high precision, moving beyond the limitations of single-LLM solutions. The talk covers the complete blueprint, from agent coordination and MLOps to holistic evaluation and optimization strategies for production environments.
Panos Stravopodis, CTO of Elyos AI, shares the infrastructure and orchestration challenges of building production-ready voice AI agents. He details the four pillars for success—latency, consistency, context, and recovery—and provides engineering patterns for error handling, context management, and achieving conversational coherence in real-time systems.
Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, shares his unconventional journey and leadership philosophy. He provides a masterclass in building a multi-platform company through strategic M&A, explains why founders should sometimes ignore customers, and reveals how to lead with conviction while managing imposter syndrome.
Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, shares the product frameworks and leadership principles that guided his success. He delves into concepts like "utility curves" for feature investment, the "owner's delusion" in product design, and why focusing on "comprehension" is often more important than reducing friction. He also introduces powerful mental models for organizational effectiveness, such as combating "hyper-realistic work-like activities" and applying Parkinson's Law to team growth.
Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi discusses the operational playbook for reinventing a 40-year-old company, from its slow transition to SaaS to its early adoption of AI. He shares insights on winning the SMB market by treating small businesses like consumers, building effective channel partnerships, and developing a platform strategy. Goodarzi also details his leadership philosophy, emphasizing that grit and curiosity are more critical than raw talent.
Sajith Wickramasekara, CEO of Benchling, discusses the broken economics of drug development, where high costs and failure rates stifle innovation. He explains how the biotech industry is facing a 'dot com' bust and new competition from China, and argues that AI agents and simulation can provide the solution by making science less artisanal and helping scientists create better molecules through faster, cheaper experiments.
Emir Karabeg, co-founder of Sim, shares the journey of building a visual, end-to-end platform for AI agents. He discusses their pivot from a failed idea, their explosive open-source growth strategy, the philosophy of building an AI-native workflow tool, and the operational culture that took them from a YC batch to 60,000 developers.
Satya Nadella discusses Microsoft's massive AI infrastructure build-out, the transition to AI-driven business models, and the company's multi-pronged strategy for navigating competition, in-house model development, and the geopolitical landscape of AGI.
Founders Alex and Teddy of Magic Patterns discuss their journey from numerous pivots to building a profitable, $1M ARR AI design tool with a two-person team. They share insights on finding product-market fit by focusing on customer obsession, the technical details of their prompt-to-prototype platform, and their experience in YC.
Alex Rampell (a16z) and Varun Krishna (Rocket CEO) discuss the housing affordability crisis, driven by asset inflation and supply constraints. They explore how Rocket Mortgage is evolving into a homeownership company by vertically integrating the entire housing funnel through strategic acquisitions like Redfin, aiming to turn a once-in-a-lifetime transaction into an everyday relationship.
Experts discuss the significant gap in patching rates between IT and OT systems, the rise of cyberattacks with physical consequences like cargo theft, the novel threat of time-delayed logic bombs, the sensationalism surrounding AI-powered malware, and the critical need for fundamental cybersecurity hygiene.
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