An expert overview of post-training techniques for language models, covering the entire workflow from data generation and curation to advanced algorithms like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and Reinforcement Learning (RL), along with practical advice on evaluation and iteration.
This talk introduces Anaximander, a system designed to bridge the gap between traditional, GUI-driven Geographic Information System (GIS) workflows and modern, code-heavy machine learning practices. Anaximander integrates geospatial foundation models directly into QGIS, allowing experts to interactively orchestrate, run, and evaluate models for tasks like semantic segmentation and object detection on satellite imagery.
At Applied Compute, efficient Reinforcement Learning is critical for delivering business value. This talk explores the transition from inefficient synchronous RL to a high-throughput asynchronous 'Pipeline RL' system. The core challenge is managing 'staleness'—a side effect of in-flight weight updates that can destabilize training. The speakers detail their first-principles systems model, based on the Roofline model, used to simulate and find the optimal allocation of GPU resources between sampling and training, balancing throughput with algorithmic stability and achieving significant speedups.
Aishwarya Naresh Reganti and Kiriti Badam, with experience from OpenAI, Google, and Amazon, share a framework for building successful enterprise AI products. They detail why AI development differs from traditional software, emphasizing the challenges of non-determinism and the agency-control trade-off, and introduce their 'Continuous Calibration, Continuous Development' (CC/CD) lifecycle to build reliable, value-driven AI systems.
A deep dive into the key takeaways from CES 2026, covering the surge in humanoid robotics and the evolution of software-defined vehicles, followed by a nuanced analysis of the shifting US-China export controls on advanced AI chips.
Robert from OpenAI discusses the critical role of structured evaluations (evals) and graders for developing advanced collaborative agents. He explores the limitations of 'vibe-based' assessments, introduces a maturity model for evals, and presents a comprehensive rubric for measuring agent performance beyond simple accuracy, connecting these concepts to the power of Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT).
Nikesh Arora, CEO of Palo Alto Networks, shares his unconventional journey and leadership philosophy. He provides a masterclass in building a multi-platform company through strategic M&A, explains why founders should sometimes ignore customers, and reveals how to lead with conviction while managing imposter syndrome.
Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, shares the product frameworks and leadership principles that guided his success. He delves into concepts like "utility curves" for feature investment, the "owner's delusion" in product design, and why focusing on "comprehension" is often more important than reducing friction. He also introduces powerful mental models for organizational effectiveness, such as combating "hyper-realistic work-like activities" and applying Parkinson's Law to team growth.
Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi discusses the operational playbook for reinventing a 40-year-old company, from its slow transition to SaaS to its early adoption of AI. He shares insights on winning the SMB market by treating small businesses like consumers, building effective channel partnerships, and developing a platform strategy. Goodarzi also details his leadership philosophy, emphasizing that grit and curiosity are more critical than raw talent.
Emmanuel Ameisen of Anthropic's interpretability team explains the inner workings of LLMs, drawing analogies to biology. He covers surprising findings on how models plan, represent concepts across languages, and the mechanistic causes of hallucinations, offering practical advice for developers on evaluation and post-training strategies.
Intuit CEO Sasan Goodarzi discusses the operational playbook for reinventing a 40-year-old company, from its slow transition to SaaS to its early adoption of AI. He shares insights on winning the SMB market by treating small businesses like consumers, building effective channel partnerships, and developing a platform strategy. Goodarzi also details his leadership philosophy, emphasizing that grit and curiosity are more critical than raw talent.
AI agents represent a paradigm shift from traditional reactive AI models. This summary explores their proactive, goal-driven nature, detailing how they autonomously plan and execute complex workflows by interacting with a diverse ecosystem of models, APIs, hardware, and even other agents to solve real-world problems.
Markus Villig recounts the story of Bolt, from a €5,000 loan from his parents to a global mobility leader. The journey is defined by counterintuitive pivots: first, competing against the very taxi companies they initially served, and second, using a first-principles data model to ignore conventional wisdom and expand into overlooked African markets, which proved to be a massive success. This data-driven, pragmatic approach allowed Bolt to triple its market share during the COVID-19 crisis by choosing not to lay off staff and instead focusing on growth while competitors were paralyzed.
Carmela Troncoso from EPFL discusses her collaboration with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to digitalize humanitarian aid distribution. She advocates for a paradigm shift from data minimization to "purpose limitation," designing systems that are structurally incapable of being misused, even if the data is accessed. The talk details a practical, low-cost, and connectivity-resilient system built on this principle, using smart cards and cryptographic techniques to protect vulnerable aid recipients while meeting the operational needs of the ICRC.
Tony Zhao and Cheng Chi, co-founders of Sunday Robotics, discuss the state of AI robotics, framing it as being between a "GPT moment" (the core technology is known) and a "ChatGPT moment" (a scalable consumer product). They detail the key research, data collection innovations, and full-stack engineering required to build Memo, their general-purpose home robot designed to free humanity from chores.
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